Did man really walk on the Moon or was it the ultimate
camera trick, asks David Milne?
The greater lunar lie In the early hours of May 16,
1990, after a week spent watching old video
footage of man on the Moon, a thought was
turning into an obsession in
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the mind of Ralph Rene.
"How can the flag be fluttering," the 47 year old
American kept asking himself, "when there's no wind
on the atmosphere free Moon?"
That moment was to be the beginning of an incredible
Space odyssey for the self- taught engineer from
New Jersey. He started investigating the Apollo
Moon landings, scouring every NASA film, photo and
report with a growing sense of wonder, until finally
reaching an awesome conclusion:
America had never put a man on the Moon. The giant
leap for mankind was fake.
It is of course the conspiracy theory to end all
conspiracy theories.
But Rene has now put all his findings into a
startling book entitled NASA
Mooned America. Published by himself, it's
being sold by mail order - and
is a compelling read.
The story lifts off in 1961 with Russia firing
Yuri Gagarin into
space, leaving a panicked America trailing in
the space race. At an
emergency
meeting of Congress, President Kennedy
proposed the ultimate face
saver, put a man on the Moon. With an
impassioned speech he secured the
plan an
unbelievable 40 billion dollars.
And so, says
Rene (and a growing number
of astrophysicists are beginning
to agree with
him), the great Moon hoax
was born.
Between1969 and 1972, seven Apollo ships
headed to the Moon. Six claim to
have made it, with the ill fated Apollo 13 -
whose oxygen tanks
apparently exploded halfway -
being the only casualties. But with the
exception of the known rocks,
which could have been easily mocked
up in a lab,
the photographs and film footage are
the only proof that the Eagle ever landed.
And Rene
believes they're fake.
For a start, he says, the TV footage was
hopeless. The world tuned in to watch what looked
like two blurred white ghosts gambol threw rocks and
dust. Part of the reason for the low quality was
that, strangely, NASA provided no direct link up.
So networks actually had to film "man's
greatest achievement" from a TV screen in Houston -a
deliberate ploy, says Rene, so that nobody could properly
examine it.By contrast, the still photos were stunning. Yet
that's just the problem. The astronauts took thousands of
pictures, each one perfectly exposed and sharply focused.
Not one was badly composed or even blurred. As Rene
points out, that's not all:
* The cameras had no white meters or view ponders.
So the astronauts achieved this feet without being able to
see what they were doing.
* There film stock was unaffected by the intense
peaks and powerful cosmic radiation on the Moon, conditions
that should have made it useless.
McGrath
* They managed to adjust their cameras, change film
and swap filters in pressurized clubs. It should have been
almost impossible to end their, fingers.
Award winning British photographer David passer is convinced
the pictures are fake. His astonishing findings are
explained alongside the pictures on these pages, but the
basic points are as follows:
* The shadows could only have been created with
multiple light sources and, in particular, powerful
spotlights. But the only light sauce on the
Moon was the sun.
* The American flag and the words "United
States" are always brightly lit, even when everything
around is in shadow.
* Not one still picture matches the film footage,
yet NASA claims both were shot at the same time.
* The pictures are so perfect, each one would have
taken a slick advertising agency hours to put them together
But the astronauts managed it repeatedly.
David Persey believes the mistakes were deliberate,
left there by "whistle blowers", who were keen for the truth to
one day get out.
If Persey is right and the pictures are fake,
then we've only NASA's word that man ever went to the Moon.
And,asks Rene, why would anyone fake pictures of an event
that actually happened?
The questions don't stop there. Outer space is
awash with deadly radiation that emanates from solar
flares firing out from the sun.
Standard astronauts orbiting earth in near
space, like those who recently fixed the Hubble telescope, are
protected by the earth's Van Allenbelt.
But the Moon is to 240,000 miles distant, way
outside this safe band. And, during the Apollo flights, astronomical
data shows there were no less than 1,485 such flares.
John Mauldin, a physicist who works for NASA, once
said shielding at least two meters thick would be needed. Yet the
walls of the Lunar Landers which took astronauts from the spaceship
to the moons surface were, said NASA, "about the thickness of heavy
duty aluminum foil".
If Persey is right and the pictures are fake,
then we've only NASA's word that man ever went to the Moon.
And,asks Rene, why would anyone fake pictures of an event
that actually happened?
The questions don't stop there. Outer space is
awash with deadly radiation that emanates from solar
flares firing out from the sun.
Standard astronauts orbiting earth in near
space, like those who recently fixed the Hubble telescope, are
protected by the earth's Van Allenbelt.
But the Moon is to 240,000 miles distant, way
outside this safe band. And, during the Apollo flights, astronomical
data shows there were no less than 1,485 such flares.
John Mauldin, a physicist who works for NASA, once
said shielding at least two meters thick would be needed. Yet the
walls of the Lunar Landers which took astronauts from the spaceship
to the moons surface were, said NASA, "about the thickness of heavy
duty aluminum foil".
How could that stop this deadly radiation? And
if the astronauts were protected by their space suits
, why didn't rescue workers use such protective gear at
the Chernobyl meltdown, which released only a
fraction of the dose astronauts would encounter? Not one
Apollo astronaut, ever contracted cancer - not even the Apollo
16 crew who were on their way to the Moon when a big flare started.
"They should have been fried,"
says Rene.
Furthermore, every Apollo mission before number 11 (the first
to the Moon) was plagued with around 20,000 defects
-piece. Yet, with the exception of Apollo 13, NASA claims
there wasn't one major technical problem on any of their Moon
missions. Just one effect could have blown the whole
thing.
"The odds against these are so unlikely that God
must have been the co-pilot," says Rene.
Several years after NASA claimed its first
Moon landing, Buzz Aldrin
* "the second man on the Moon" - was asked at a
banquet what it felt like to step on to the lunar surface.
Aldrin staggered to his feet and left
the room crying uncontrollably. It would not be
the last time he did this.
"It strikes me he's suffering from trying to live
out a very big lie," says Rene.
Aldrin may also fear for his life. Virgil
Grissom, a NASA astronaut who baited the Apollo programme,
was due to pilot Apollo 1 as part of the landings build up.
In January 1967, he hung a lemon on his Apollo
capsule (in the US, unroadworthy cars are called
lemons) and told his wife
Betty:
"if there is ever a serious accident in the space
programme, it's likely to be me."
Nobody knows what fueled his fears, but bythe end of the month
he and his two co- pilots were dead, burnt to death during a
test run when their capsule, pumped full of high pressure pure oxygen,
exploded. Scientists couldn't believe NASA' carelessness - even a
chemistry,students in high school knows high pressure oxygen
is extremely explosive.
In fact, before the first manned Apollo fight,even cleared the launch
pad, a total of 11 would be astronauts were dead. Apart from the three
who were incinerated, seven died in plane crashes and one in a car smash.
Now this is a spectacular accident rate.
"One wonders if these 'accidents' weren't NASA's way of correcting
mistakes," says Rene. "Of saying that some of these
men didn't have the sort of 'right stuff' they were looking for."
NASA wont respond to any of these claims, their
press office will only say that the Moon landings happened and the
pictures are real.
But a NASA public affairs officer called Julian
Scheer once delighted 200 guests at a private party with footage
of astronauts apparently on a landscape. It had been made on a
mission film set and was identical to what NASA claimed was
they real lunar landscape.
"The purpose of this film," Scheer told the
enthralled group, "is to indicate that you really can fake
things on the ground, almost to the point
of deception." He then invited his audience to "come
to your own decision about whether or not man actually
did walk on the Moon".
A sudden attack of honesty? You bet, says Rene, who
claims the only real thing about the Apollo missions were the lift
offs. The astronauts simply have to be on board, he says, in case the
rocket exploded.
"It was the easiest way to ensure NASA wasn't
left with three astronauts who ought to be dead," he claims,
adding that they came down a day or so later, out of the public
eye (global surveillance wasn't what it is now)
and into the safe hands of NASA officials, who whisked t
hem off to
prepare for the big day a week later.
And now NASA is planning another giant step
*project Outreach, a 1 trillion dollar manned mission to Mars. "Think
what they'll be able to mock up with today's computer graphics," says Rene
Chillingly.
"Special effects was in its infancy in the 60s.
This time round will have no way of determining the truth."
Space oddities
*Apollo 14 astronaut Allen Shepard played golf on
the Moon. In front of a worldwide TV audience, Mission Control teased
him about slicing the ball to the right. Yet a slice is caused by
uneven air flow over the ball.The Moon has no atmosphere and no air.
*A camera panned upwards to catch Apollo 16's Lunar
Lander lifting off the Moon. Who did the filming?
*One NASA picture from Apollo 11 is looking up at
Neil Armstrong about to take his giant step for mankind.
The
photographer must have been lying
on the planet surface. If Armstrong was the first
man on the Moon, then who took the shot?
The pressure inside a space suit was greater than
inside a football.The astronauts should have been puffed out like the
Michelin Man,but were seen freely bending their joints.
*The Moon landings took place during the
Cold War. Why didn't America make a signal on the
move that could be seen,from earth?
The PR would have been phenomenal and it could have
been easily done with magnesium flares.
Text from pictures in the article Only two men
walked on the Moon during the Apollo 12 mission. Yet the astronaut
reflected in the visor has no camera. Who took the shot?
The flags shadow goes behind the rock so doesn't
match the dark line in the
foreground, which looks like a line cord.
So the shadow to the lower
right of the spaceman must be the flag. Where
is his shadow? And why is the
flag fluttering? How can the flag be brightly lit
when its side on to the light? And where, in all of these
shots, are the stars?
The Lander weighed 17 tons yet the
astronauts feet seem to have made a
bigger dent in the dust.
The powerful booster rocket at the base of the
Lunar Lander was fired to slow descent to the moons
service. Yet it has left no traces of
blasting on the dust underneath. It should have
created a small crater,
yet the booster looks like it's never been fired.
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